19th century

The Solitary Reaper

A singer in a field teaches Wordsworth an ethics of listening — mystery honored, music carried inward as lasting solace.

London, 1802

An urgent apostrophe to Milton — Wordsworth critiques national selfishness and calls for humble, star-like virtue.

Ode to a Nightingale

Keats’s “Ode to a Nightingale” captures the longing to escape mortality through the immortal voice of song.

Ode on a Grecian Urn

Keats’s urn contrasts life’s change with art’s permanence — desire held forever just before fulfillment.

To Autumn

“To Autumn” praises ripeness and labor, accepting time’s change with a serenity tuned to soft-dying light.

La Belle Dame sans Merci

A modern ballad of enthrallment and warning, “La Belle Dame sans Merci” leaves desire stranded where no birds sing.

Bright Star

Keats reimagines constancy as intimacy — a star’s steadiness translated into breath and touch.

To a Skylark

Shelley’s skylark, pure song in flight, teaches a difficult joy — art that consoles without denying human lack.